40 Chemical Substances All Students Must Know [Part 1] - with subtitles

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In this series of videos, we will focus on the top 40 chemical substances students must know.

Part 1
1 Hydrogen is colourless, odourless and neutral. It is the lightest gas and highly flammable.
2 Oxygen is a neutral and odourless gas. It supports oxidation and combustion.
3 Nitrogen is the most abundant gas. It is colourless and odourless. This gas is quite chemically inert.
4 Fluorine (pale yellow gas at r.t.p)
5 Chlorine (greenish yellow gas at r.t.p) In the test for chlorine gas, the moist blue litmus paper turns red, then bleaches.
6 Bromine (reddish brown liquid at r.t.p)
7 Iodine (purplish black solid at r.t.p)
8 Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen. It is a pale blue gas with a pungent odour.
9 Water exists as liquid at r.t.p, and freezes into ice at 0°C, boils into steam at 100°C. Water expands when it freezes.
10 Methane (main component of natural gas) is a colourless and neutral gas.
11 Ammonia is a colourless and alkaline gas. Ammonia gas turns moist red litmus paper blue.
12 Carbon monoxide is a colourless and neutral gas. It is poisonous.
13 Carbon dioxide is the colourless gas that we breathe out. Unpolluted rainwater has a pH of around 5.6 due to carbon dioxide gas, which is an acidic gas.
14 Carbonic acid - Carbon dioxide dissolves in rainwater to form weak carbonic acid.
15 Calcium hydroxide, also known as limewater in Chemistry lab, is an alkali used to test for acidic carbon dioxide gas. In agriculture, calcium hydroxide is known as slaked lime.
16 Calcium oxide - To reduce the acidity of soil, calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), or calcium oxide (quicklime) is added to the soil.
17 Sulfur dioxide is pungent, chocking and colourless. Sulfur dioxide is an acidic gas. It dissolves in water to form sulfurous acid.
18 Sulfurous acid is then oxidised to sulfuric acid by oxygen. Presence of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere gives rise to acid rain. Sulfur dioxide pollution can be reduced by flue gas desulfurisation.
19 Hydrogen chloride is a colourless and acidic gas. It dissolves in water to form hydrochloric acid, which is a strong acid.
20 Hydrochloric acid - Hydrogen ions and chloride ions are released in the aqueous solution. Hydrochloric acid is used to clean impurities.

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